Wet vs. Dry AMD: The Distinctions and Recognizing Key Symptoms

As we age, our bodies naturally undergo changes, some of which can affect our ability to see. One of the most common vision-related issues that affect older individuals is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). It's characterized by the loss of central vision, and occurs when the small central portion of the retina, known as the macula, deteriorates.

What is Wet AMD?

Wet AMD is the more severe form of age-related macular degeneration. It's called "wet" because it's characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid (a layer of blood vessels between the retina and the outer firm coat of the eye) under the macula. These new blood vessels are very fragile and often leak blood and fluid, hence the name 'wet' AMD.

The blood and fluid raise the macula from its normal place at the back of the eye, causing a rapid and severe loss of central vision. This process, known as choroidal neovascularization, can cause the macula to scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision.

Symptoms of wet AMD include visual distortions (such as straight lines appearing wavy), reduced central vision in one or both eyes, decreased intensity or brightness of colors, and a general haziness in your overall vision.

The primary treatment for wet AMD is medication injections into the eye. These medications are designed to stop new blood vessels from forming and block the leaking from the abnormal vessels that cause wet AMD. Other treatments like laser surgery are used to destroy the abnormal blood vessels.

Delving into Dry AMD

Dry AMD, the more common type of age-related macular degeneration. It's characterized by the presence of small white or yellowish deposits, called drusen, under the retina. Over time, these drusen or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in the macula become thin and slowly break down, which can cause a gradual blurring of central vision.

Symptoms of dry AMD are often milder than those of wet AMD. They include slightly blurred vision, the need for brighter lighting when reading, difficulty recognizing faces, and a decrease in the intensity of colors.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for dry AMD as of now. However, a specific blend of nutritional supplements can slow the progression of dry AMD.

The Importance of Regular Eye Exams for Seniors

Regular eye exams are critical in detecting age-related macular degeneration early. If AMD is caught at its early stages, measures can be taken to slow its progression and preserve vision.

During an eye exam, your eye doctor will look for drusen and other signs of AMD. If these symptoms are detected, your eye doctor may ask you to use an Amsler grid to check for defects in the center of your vision. The earlier AMD is detected, the better the chances of treating it and preserving your vision.

Living with AMD

Living with age-related macular degeneration can be challenging, but it's not impossible. There are several resources available to help people with AMD live fulfilling lives. Various visual aids can assist with reading and other tasks, and rehabilitation programs can help people adapt to their changing vision.

For more information on symptoms and treatment options for wet and dry age-related macular degeneration, contact Eyecare Center of Leesburg in our Leesburg, Florida, office. Please call (352) 787-1956 to schedule an appointment today.